82
Pb
Lead
208
Lead (Pb)
Post-Transition MetalGroup 14Period 6p-block-block
Lead (/lɛd/) is a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb (from Latin:plumbum) and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable and heavy post-transition metal. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed to air.
Latin name: Plumbum
Atomic Number
82
Atomic Mass
208 g/mol
Phase (STP)
Solid
Electron Config.
[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p²
General
SymbolPb
Atomic Number82
Atomic Mass208 g/mol
CategoryPost-Transition Metal
Group14
Period6
Blockp-block
Electron Configuration[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p²
Valence Electrons4
Colourblue-gray metallic
Appearancemetallic gray
CAS NumberCAS7439-92-1
Physical Properties
Phase (STP)Solid
Density11.34 g/cm³
Melting Point327.46°C · 621.43°F · 600.61 K
Boiling Point1748.85°C · 3179.93°F · 2022.00 K
Atomic Properties
Atomic Radius202 pm
Electronegativity1.87 Pauling
Ionization Energy716 kJ/mol
Oxidation States+4, +2, -2
Ion ChargePb2+/Pb4+
Thermodynamic
Molar Heat26.65 J/(mol·K)
Crystal Structure
Crystal Structureface-centered cubic
Mechanical Properties
Mohs Hardness1.5
Nuclear & Hazards
Half-lifestable (common isotopes are stable)
Abundance
In Universe0.00005999999999999999%
In Sun0.00005%
In Earth's Crust0.0120%
In Oceans0.00000002%
In Humans0.00000001%
In Meteorites0.00002%
Discovery & History
Discovered Byunknown
Isotopes of Lead
| Isotope | Abundance | Half-life | Decay |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pb-204 | 1.4% | Stable | — |
| Pb-206 | 24.1% | Stable | — |
| Pb-207 | 22.1% | Stable | — |
| Pb-208 | 52.4% | Stable | — |