50
Sn
Tin
118.71
Tin (Sn)
Post-Transition MetalGroup 14Period 5p-block-block
Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (for Latin:stannum) and atomic number 50. It is a main group metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Tin shows a chemical similarity to both neighboring group-14 elements, germanium and lead, and has two possible oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4.
Latin name: Stannum
Atomic Number
50
Atomic Mass
118.71 g/mol
Phase (STP)
Solid
Electron Config.
[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p²
General
SymbolSn
Atomic Number50
Atomic Mass118.71 g/mol
CategoryPost-Transition Metal
Group14
Period5
Blockp-block
Electron Configuration[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p²
Valence Electrons14
Coloursilvery-white metallic
Appearancesilvery-white (beta, β) or gray (alpha, α)
CAS NumberCAS7440-31-5
Physical Properties
Phase (STP)Solid
Density7.31 g/cm³
Melting Point231.93°C · 449.47°F · 505.08 K
Boiling Point2601.85°C · 4715.33°F · 2875.00 K
Atomic Properties
Atomic Radius145 pm
Electronegativity1.96 Pauling
Ionization Energy709 kJ/mol
Oxidation States+4, +2
Ion ChargeSn2+/Sn4+
Thermodynamic
Molar Heat27.112 J/(mol·K)
Crystal Structure
Crystal Structuretetragonal (β-Sn)
Mechanical Properties
Mohs Hardness1.5
Abundance
In Universe0.00007999999999999999%
In Sun0.00006999999999999999%
In Earth's Crust0.0220%
Discovery & History
Discovered Byunknown
Isotopes of Tin
| Isotope | Abundance | Half-life | Decay |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sn-112 | 0.97% | Stable | — |
| Sn-114 | 0.66% | Stable | — |
| Sn-115 | 0.34% | Stable | — |
| Sn-116 | 14.54% | Stable | — |
| Sn-117 | 7.68% | Stable | — |
| Sn-118 | 24.22% | Stable | — |
| Sn-119 | 8.59% | Stable | — |
| Sn-120 | 32.58% | Stable | — |
| Sn-122 | 4.63% | Stable | — |
| Sn-124 | 5.79% | Stable | — |