23
V
Vanadium
50.9415
Vanadium (V)
Transition MetalGroup 5Period 4d-block-block
Vanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery grey, ductile and malleable transition metal. The element is found only in chemically combined form in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the free metal somewhat against further oxidation.
Latin name: Vanadium
Atomic Number
23
Atomic Mass
50.9415 g/mol
Phase (STP)
Solid
Electron Config.
[Ar] 3d³ 4s²
General
SymbolV
Atomic Number23
Atomic Mass50.9415 g/mol
CategoryTransition Metal
Group5
Period4
Blockd-block
Electron Configuration[Ar] 3d³ 4s²
Valence Electrons5
Colourgrey-white metallic
Appearanceblue-silver-grey metal
CAS NumberCAS7440-62-2
Physical Properties
Phase (STP)Solid
Density6 g/cm³
Melting Point1909.85°C · 3469.73°F · 2183.00 K
Boiling Point3406.85°C · 6164.33°F · 3680.00 K
Atomic Properties
Atomic Radius171 pm
Electronegativity1.63 Pauling
Ionization Energy651 kJ/mol
Oxidation States+5, +4, +3, +2
Ion ChargeV2+/V3+/V4+/V5+
Thermodynamic
Molar Heat24.89 J/(mol·K)
Crystal Structure
Crystal Structurebody-centered cubic
Mechanical Properties
Mohs Hardness7
Abundance
In Earth's Crust0.0140%
Discovery & History
Discovery Year1801
Discovered ByNils Sefström
Country of DiscoverySweden
Named ByIsotopes of vanadium
Isotopes of Vanadium
| Isotope | Abundance | Half-life | Decay |
|---|---|---|---|
| V-50 | 0.25% | 1.4 × 10¹⁷ years | EC, β⁺ |
| V-51 | 99.75% | Stable | — |