39
Y
Yttrium
88.90584
Yttrium (Y)
Transition MetalGroup 3Period 5d-block-block
Yttrium is a chemical element with symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and it has often been classified as a "rare earth element". Yttrium is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element.
Latin name: Yttrium
Atomic Number
39
Atomic Mass
88.90584 g/mol
Phase (STP)
Solid
Electron Config.
[Kr] 4d¹ 5s²
General
SymbolY
Atomic Number39
Atomic Mass88.90584 g/mol
CategoryTransition Metal
Group3
Period5
Blockd-block
Electron Configuration[Kr] 4d¹ 5s²
Valence Electrons3
Coloursilvery-metallic
Appearancesilvery white
CAS NumberCAS7440-65-5
Physical Properties
Phase (STP)Solid
Density4.47 g/cm³
Melting Point1525.85°C · 2778.53°F · 1799.00 K
Boiling Point3335.85°C · 6036.53°F · 3609.00 K
Atomic Properties
Atomic Radius212 pm
Electronegativity1.22 Pauling
Ionization Energy600 kJ/mol
Oxidation States+3
Ion ChargeY3+
Thermodynamic
Molar Heat26.53 J/(mol·K)
Crystal Structure
Crystal Structurehexagonal close-packed
Mechanical Properties
Mohs Hardness4
Abundance
In Earth's Crust0.0030%
Discovery & History
Discovery Year1794
Discovered ByJohan Gadolin
Country of DiscoveryFinland
Isotopes of Yttrium
| Isotope | Abundance | Half-life | Decay |
|---|---|---|---|
| Y-89 | 100% | Stable | — |
| Y-90 | — | 64.053 hours | β⁻ |